Hybrid Electric Vehicles are powered by an IC (Internal Combustion) engine and an electric motor, utilizing energy stored in batteries. A hybrid electric vehicle does not require to be plugged in to charge the battery, the battery is charged through regenerative braking and by the IC engine
Battery (auxiliary):
The low-voltage auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the vehicle before the traction battery is engaged and it also provides power to vehicle accessories.
DC/DC converter:
DC/DC converter converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power which is required to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
Electric generator:
Generates electricity from the rotating wheels while braking, transferring that energy back to traction battery pack.
Electric traction motor:
This motor drives the vehicle’s wheels by using the power from traction battery pack.
Exhaust system:
The exhaust system removes the exhaust gases from the engine out through the tailpipe. A three-way catalyst is designed to reduce engine-out emissions within the exhaust system.
Fuel filler:
A nozzle from a fuel dispenser attaches to the receptacle on the vehicle to fill the tank.
Fuel tank:
This tank stores fuel on board the vehicle until it's needed by the engine.
Internal combustion engine (spark-ignited):
Fuel is injected into either the inlet manifold or the combustion chamber, where it is combined with air, and the air/fuel mixture is ignited by the spark from a spark plug.
Power electronics controller:
This unit controls the speed of the electric traction motor and its torque by managing the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery.
Thermal system (cooling):
This system maintains an optimum operating temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.
Traction battery pack:
Stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor.
Transmission:
The transmission transfers mechanical power from the engine and/or electric traction motor to drive the wheels.